Although it is not a parasite, the aesthetic beauty of ivy can tip over into growing out of control; the density of its growth can prevent other plants from taking root and thriving. However, it also offers food and shelter for insects and small birds.

In a similar way, berries are an essential winter food source. Think of the carol In the Bleak Midwinter and, even more pertinent, the stark line 'earth stood as hard as iron'. Holly, like that found in our churchyard, provides berries that contrast beautifully with the dark green prickly leaves - a beautiful sight in the run up to Christmas - and is reminiscent of another carol, The Holly and the Ivy.

Less noticed are the underdogs of the kingdoms of classification - fungi. The natural, earthy colours of the fungal cap are not always easy to see in a carpet of golden-brown leaves. The fungus breaks down organic waste (from which they receive their own nutrients) into new, more useful nutrients for trees and plants to flourish.  But remember, many species are poisonous despite their resemblance to edible mushrooms. Our advice is to look at them with eyes and not fingers! We also have lichen on the stone walls of the church and this is actually made up of two parts - algae growing amongst a fungus.  Happily, the algae provides the food and the fungus provides a protective structure and environment. A perfect example of nature in partnership!

Finally, may we at St Michael with St Bartholomew wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. We’d love to see you, whether you want to visit the 170 year-old church or simply enjoy an urban oasis here in the heart of Bolton.